Grammar 02

Adjective (Kata Sifat)

Panduan lengkap jenis-jenis adjective dalam bahasa Inggris beserta urutan dan contohnya.

Adjective (Kata Sifat)

Adjective adalah kata yang digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan atau memberikan informasi tambahan tentang noun (kata benda). Adjective menjadikan kalimat lebih informatif dan hidup.

Posisi Adjective

1. Sebelum Noun (Attributive)

Adjective diletakkan sebelum noun yang dideskripsikan.

Contoh:

  • She is a beautiful woman. (Dia adalah wanita yang cantik)
  • I bought a red car. (Saya membeli mobil merah)
  • He lives in a small house. (Dia tinggal di rumah kecil)

2. Setelah Linking Verb (Predicative)

Adjective diletakkan setelah linking verb (is, are, was, were, seem, become, dll).

Contoh:

  • She is beautiful. (Dia cantik)
  • The food smells delicious. (Makanan itu tercium lezat)
  • He seems tired. (Dia terlihat lelah)
  • They became famous. (Mereka menjadi terkenal)

Jenis-Jenis Adjective

1. Descriptive Adjective (Adjective Deskriptif)

Mendeskripsikan kualitas atau sifat dari noun.

Adjective Arti Contoh
big besar a big house
small kecil a small dog
beautiful cantik a beautiful girl
tall tinggi a tall building
hot panas hot weather
cold dingin cold water

2. Quantitative Adjective (Adjective Kuantitatif)

Menunjukkan jumlah atau kuantitas dari noun.

Adjective Arti Contoh
some sedikit/beberapa some water
many banyak many students
much banyak (uncountable) much time
few sedikit few options
several beberapa several books
all semua all students
enough cukup enough money

3. Demonstrative Adjective (Adjective Tunjuk)

Menunjuk pada noun tertentu.

Adjective Kegunaan Contoh
this tunggal, dekat this book
that tunggal, jauh that car
these jamak, dekat these shoes
those jamak, jauh those trees

4. Possessive Adjective (Adjective Kepemilikan)

Menunjukkan kepemilikan dari noun.

Adjective Digunakan Untuk Contoh
my Orang ke-1 tunggal my book
your Orang ke-2 your house
his Orang ke-3 (laki-laki) his car
her Orang ke-3 (perempuan) her cat
its Benda its color
our Orang ke-1 jamak our team
their Orang ke-3 jamak their home

5. Interrogative Adjective (Adjective Tanya)

Digunakan dalam pertanyaan.

Adjective Contoh
what What time is it?
which Which book do you want?
whose Whose bag is this?

Urutan Adjective (Order of Adjective)

Ketika menggunakan beberapa adjective sekaligus, ada urutan yang harus diikuti:

Urutan Jenis Contoh
1 Opinion beautiful, ugly, nice
2 Size big, small, tall
3 Age old, young, new
4 Shape round, square, flat
5 Color red, blue, green
6 Origin American, Japanese, Italian
7 Material wooden, metal, cotton
8 Purpose sleeping (bag), running (shoes)

Contoh:

  • A beautiful small old round red Japanese wooden table. (Meja kayu Jepang bulat merah kecil cantik)

Dalam penggunaan sehari-hari, kita biasanya hanya menggunakan 2-3 adjective:

  • A big red car. ✅
  • A beautiful small house. ✅
  • An old Italian restaurant. ✅

Comparative & Superlative

Adjective Pendek (1 suku kata)

Tambahkan -er untuk comparative dan -est untuk superlative.

Positive Comparative Superlative
tall taller tallest
fast faster fastest
old older oldest
big bigger biggest
hot hotter hottest

Adjective Panjang (2+ suku kata)

Gunakan more untuk comparative dan most untuk superlative.

Positive Comparative Superlative
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
expensive more expensive most expensive
interesting more interesting most interesting
comfortable more comfortable most comfortable

Irregular

Positive Comparative Superlative
good better best
bad worse worst
far farther/further farthest/furthest
little less least
much/many more most

Adjective yang Tidak Bisa Digunakan Sebelum Noun

Beberapa adjective hanya bisa digunakan setelah linking verb:

Adjective Contoh ✅ Contoh ❌
alive She is alive. an alive person
asleep The baby is asleep. an asleep baby
afraid He is afraid. an afraid man
alone She is alone. an alone woman
awake I am awake. an awake person

Latihan Cepat

  1. She is the ___ (most beautiful / more beautiful) woman I know.
  2. This cake tastes ___ (good / well).
  3. He is ___ (more tall / taller) than his brother.
  4. The weather is getting ___ (colder / more cold).
  5. That was the ___ (worst / worse) movie I've ever seen.
  1. most beautiful
  2. good
  3. taller
  4. colder
  5. worst

Tabel Ringkasan

Jenis Fungsi Contoh
Descriptive Deskripsikan kualitas beautiful, big, hot
Quantitative Tunjukkan jumlah some, many, few
Demonstrative Tunjuk noun this, that, these
Possessive Tunjukkan kepemilikan my, your, his
Interrogative Dalam pertanyaan what, which, whose

Adjective adalah kunci untuk membuat kalimat lebih deskriptif dan menarik. Gunakan dengan tepat untuk mengungkapkan makna yang ingin disampaikan!